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Several landmark trials have revealed the importance of glycemic control for the prevention or delay of diabetic complications over the long term. More recent research has demonstrated that acute hyperglycemia in the hospital setting is associated with a variety of adverse events, including increased mortality, morbidity, and duration of hospital stay. The detrimental effects of hyperglycemia among hospitalized patients have been found among both patients with diagnosed diabetes and patients with newly discovered hyperglycemia. Accordingly, the goal of this symposium is to educate healthcare providers on the most optimal strategies for the management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. In this activity, mechanisms by which hyperglycemia can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting will be discussed. Additionally, guidelines for the treatment of hyperglycemia among hospitalized patients will be addressed, with an emphasis on practical clinical application.